Deterioration of renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) influences the prognosis, suggesting that ADHF should be managed as an acute cardiorenal syndrome. Close collaboration between cardiologists and nephrologists is frequently crucial for management of this condition. It is noteworthy that renal congestion promotes worsening renal function (WRF). High-dose loop diuretics can cause WRF, but are often necessary for treatment of congestion, which is the main symptom of ADHF. However, it is controversial whether WRF associated with diuretic therapy actually has a poor prognosis. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of renal congestion related to WRF in patients with ADHF and on the current status of WRF. We also review the use of loop diuretics to treat ADHF and chronic heart failure, as well as the current role of selective vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist therapy.

Atraumatic spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage is a distinct clinical entity with potentially life-threatening complications. The commonest aetologies include ruptured aortic or visceral aneurysm, spontaneous rupture of the kidney and patients with coagulopathies. Spontaneous rupture of the kidney can occur due to underlying renal pathologies such as malignancy, angiomyolipoma, vascular malformation, vasculitis and infection. Approximately 5% of such cases occur without an identifiable renal pathology and are termed as ‘idiopathic’. Idiopathic spontaneous rupture has been described among patients on chronic haemodialysis associated with acquired cystic disease of the kidney. We describe the extremely rare instance of a patient with a failed renal allograft and recently started on haemodialysis who suffered an idiopathic spontaneous rupture of his native kidney.

Introduction: Renal biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of renal tissue is obtained for microscopic examination. Renal biopsy has contributed greatly to the classification of intrinsic renal diseases and, therefore, to a better knowledge of the pathogenesis involved. Although there are many studies regarding Renal Biopsy. There is little literature regarding correlation between indications and histopathology Diagnosis especially from India.

Corticosteroid use as a component of immunosuppression protocol is widespread, even though their mechanisms of action are imprecise. The burden of metabolic side effects of steroids and the impact on quality of life in kidney allograft recipients has led to attempts in minimizing steroid exposure.

The following reviews [1,2], about continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) and echinocandins conclude that the membranes do not significantly adsorb these antifungals.